OBJECTIVES To evaluate risk factors for prevalence and progression of aortic valve calcification (AVC) in lung cancer screening participants and also to assess the sensitivity and reliability of visual AVCs on low-dose CT (LDCT) for predicting aortic stenosis (AS) in high-risk smokers. METHODS We reviewed 1225 consecutive participants in annual LDCT screening for lung cancer at the Mount Sinai Hospital between 2010 and 2017. Sensitivity and specificity of moderate/severe AVC score on LDCT to identify AS on echocardiogram were calculated for 126 participants who had both within 12&nbsp;months. Using regression analyses, risk factors for AVC at baseline, for progression, and for new AVC on annual rounds of screening were identified. Reliability of AVC assessment on LDCT was assessed by comparing visual AVC scores (1) with standard-dose, electrocardiography (ECG)-gated CT for 31 participants who had both within 12&nbsp;months and (2) with Agatston scores of 1225 participants and by determining (3) the intra-reader agreeme could be reliably evaluated on LDCT and had substantial agreement with the severity of aortic valve stenosis on echocardiography. ? Sensitivity and specificity of moderate/severe visual AVC scores on LDCT for moderate/severe AS on echocardiogram were 100% and 94%, respectively.PURPOSE To evaluate the value of integrated multi-parameter positron emission tomography-intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance (PET-IVIM MR) imaging for pelvic lymph nodes with high FDG uptake in cervical cancer, and to determine the best combination of parameters. METHODS A total of 38 patients with 59 lymph nodes with high FDG uptake were included. The imaging parameters of the lymph nodes were calculated by PET-IVIM MR, and the differences between lymph nodes diagnosed by postoperative pathology as metastasis versus non-metastasis were compared. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression to construct a combination prediction model to filter low value and similar parameters, in order to search the optimal combination of PET/MR parameters for predicting pathologically confirmed metastatic lymph nodes. The correlation between diffusion parameters and metabolic parameters was analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS The maximum standardized uptake value nation or individually for the assessment of pelvic lymph nodes with high FDG uptake. ? No strong correlation exists between diffusion parameters and metabolic parameters in pelvic lymph nodes with high FDG uptake.OBJECTIVES To investigate CT imaging features associated with poor clinical outcome after corticosteroid treatment in patients diagnosed with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) and connective tissue disease-related organizing pneumonia (CTD-OP) and to assess the difference in CT findings and treatment responses between COP and CTD-OP. METHODS Chest CT images from 166 patients (COP, 131; CTD-OP, 35) with pathologically proven organizing pneumonia were reviewed by two thoracic radiologists. The type, distribution pattern, and extent of parenchymal abnormalities, along with other associated imaging features, were assessed for each patient. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify features associated with poor clinical outcomes such as residual disease (RD) and disease relapse. The differences between COP and CTD-OP were also analyzed. RESULTS Consolidation involving more than 10% of parenchyma (hazard ratio [HR], 2.27), detectable bronchiectasis (HR, 3.59), and diagnosis of CTD-OP (HR, 4.31) were ania (CTD-OP) was associated with worse treatment outcomes than its idiopathic counterpart cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP). ? Compared with COP, CTD-OP generally demonstrated a greater extent of parenchymal abnormalities, especially consolidation, and was less likely to show a peribronchovascular distribution pattern.OBJECTIVES To evaluate the technical performance of an ultra-high-resolution CT (UHRCT) system. METHODS The physico-technical capabilities of a novel commercial UHRCT system were assessed and compared with those of a current-generation multi-detector (MDCT) system. The super-high-resolution (SHR) mode of the system uses 0.25&nbsp;mm (at isocentre) detector elements (dels) in the in-plane and longitudinal directions, while the high-resolution (HR) mode bins two dels in the longitudinal direction. The normal-resolution (NR) mode bins dels 2?×?2, resulting in a del-size equivalent to that of the MDCT system. In general, standard procedures and phantoms were used to perform these assessments. RESULTS The UHRCT MTF (10% MTF 4.1&nbsp;lp/mm) is twice as high as that of the MDCT (10% MTF 1.9&nbsp;lp/mm), which is comparable to the MTF in the NR mode (10% MTF 1.7&nbsp;lp/mm). The width of the slice sensitivity profile in the SHR mode (FWHM 0.45&nbsp;mm) is about 60% of that of the MDCT (FWHM 0.77&nbsp;mm). Uniformity and CT numbers are within the expected range. Noise in the high-resolution modes has a higher magnitude and higher frequency components compared with MDCT. Low-contrast visibility is lower for the NR, HR and SHR modes compared with MDCT, but about a 14%, for NR, and 23%, for HR and SHR, dose increase gives the same results. CONCLUSIONS HR and SHR mode scanning results in double the spatial resolution, with about a 23% increase in dose required to achieve the same low-contrast detectability. KEY POINTS ? Resolution on UHRCT is up to twice as high as for the tested MDCT. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/thiomyristoyl.html ? With abdominal settings, UHRCT needs higher dose for the same low-contrast detectability as MDCT, but dose is still below achievable levels as defined by current diagnostic reference levels. ? The UHRCT system used in normal-resolution mode yields comparable resolution and noise characteristics as the MDCT system.OBJECTIVES Since 2004, uterine fibroids have been treated with MR-HIFU, but there are persevering doubts on long-term efficacy to date. In the Focused Ultrasound Myoma Outcome Study (FUMOS), we evaluated long-term outcomes after MR-HIFU therapy, primarily to assess the reintervention rate. METHODS Data was retrospectively collected from 123 patients treated with MR-HIFU at our hospital from 2010 to 2017. Follow-up duration and baseline (MRI) characteristics were retrieved from medical records. Treatment failures, adverse events, and the nonperfused volume percentage (NPV%) were determined. Patients received a questionnaire about reinterventions, recovery time, satisfaction, and pregnancy outcomes. Restrictive treatment protocols were compared with unrestrictive (aiming for complete ablation) treatments. Subgroups were analyzed based on the achieved NPV less then ?50 or ??50%. RESULTS Treatment failures occurred in 12.1% and the number of adverse events was 13.7%. Implementation of an unrestrictive treatment protocol significantly (p?=?0.